MBUTA NANGA BLOG-MAGAZINE/ SINCE 2011 TOP IN TOWN': * YOU BEEN SNAP* MACHACHE KUMHUSU BABA WETU WA TAIFA LA TANGANYIKA NOW TANZANIA " R.I.P . BABA .HUTOKAA USAHAULIKE MILELE"

Friday, 14 October 2011

* YOU BEEN SNAP* MACHACHE KUMHUSU BABA WETU WA TAIFA LA TANGANYIKA NOW TANZANIA " R.I.P . BABA .HUTOKAA USAHAULIKE MILELE"

President Julius Kambarage "Mwalimu" (1) Nyerere;
*MKILETEWA HAPA NA FLORA LYIMO DESIGNER*
lived: April 13, 1922, Butiama - 14.10.1999, London
in the office :29.10.1964-5 .11.1985

Julius Nyerere was born chief Butiama village, located near the shores of Lake Victoria. In 1943 he received the Roman Catholic faith and remained a Catholic until his death.

Nyerereho to education began at age 12, he began attending government primary school in Musoma. There has completed a four-year degree program in three years and was sent to a boys' secondary school in the town of Tabor, where the student has acquired an excellent opportunity to study at Makerere University, which was at that time only high school in Eastern Africa. There are Master's degree and began teaching at St.Mary 's Secondary School in Tabora. In 1949 he got the opportunity to study at Edinburgh University. He became the first Tanganičanem studying at a British university, and when in 1952 he received his master's degree in history and economics, was only the second Tanganičanem who obtained a university education in Africa than elsewhere. In Europe he met with the ideas of Fabian socialism, which was strongly influenced by the rest of your life. Under this influence also began to construct his idea of socialism link with the traditional system of African communities.

After his return to Africa, Nyerere won place as a history teacher, English and Kiswahili language to St.Francis' College, near Dar-es-Salaam. There has also co-founded in 1954 Tanganjickou African National Union (Tanganyika African National Union (Tanu)). But this too did not like the colonial administration, which gave Nyereremu a choice: either the school or politics. Nyerere, who has said that "the teacher, because it chose a politician by accident", he chose politics, resigned his teaching post and is fully devoted to unifying the fragmented nationalist groups into one big political parties, which should, in pursuit of Independence stronger position. After traveling the country with almost all he finally managed to almost all nationalists unite tanganické to Tanu. Nyerere as the main representative organization of the Tana represented at the meeting of the UN Trusteeship Council in New York.

Nyerereho excellent speaking skills and tanganického National Unity Movement and also the willingness to cooperate by the British Governor Sir Richard Turnbull led to the independence of Tanganyika that was to be fought. In 1958 Nyerere to enter its first elections, which were available for blacks in the colonial legislative council in 1960 and is elected "chief minister". In December 1961 Tanganyika gains self-government and Nyerere September 12, 1961 to become the first prime minister of Tanganyika. When June 9, 1962 Tanganyika finally detached from Great Britain and became a republic, Nyerere was elected its first president.

Nyerere has the time to start dreaming of the presidency of the then British connection Zanzibar with mainland Tanganyika. This dream, however, he fulfilled until October 29, 1964, when the former sultanate of Zanzibar united with Tanganyika to Trinidad and the United Republic. From this position, Nyerere began to make a magnificent program of the African peasant socialism that already outlined in the Arusha Declaration. The program was largely collectivist and socialist, Nyerere was, however, mainly African, and so built his program on African reality. He was convinced that socialism is the natural state of African society and that this arrangement existed before the advent of the colonizers, and that what Africans need to achieve socialism, is to forget them forcibly foisted capitalism. Nyerere wanted to achieve socialism through the commune system, known as Ujamaa in Swahili, and believed that the African people is fundamentally a socialist. Unfortunately, it turned out that Tanzanian society is not ready to African socialism and its only result (ignoring the large movements of people in the country) was that the Tanzaniawithin 10 years became the largest African exporter of agricultural crops, contrary to their biggest African importer. In 1976 that eventually led to the discontinuation of agricultural collectivization. Nyerere, who sensed that his country does not benefit economic model, but did not want to rule the country, which would have an economic system in which he believed, announced that the presidential election in 1985 will not stand for this election and will leave from the front of the state. In his last presidential address, he said (with sincerity and atypical for African policy at that time) to address his plan: "Admit it, I'm disappointed."

So it happened and Tanzania entered the era of market economy under the leadership of new President Ali Hassan Mwinyi. Although he belonged to the same party (Chama Cha Mapinduzi) as Nyerere, but it was pragmatic and was able to Tanzania to switch to a market economy.

During his presidency, Nyerere maintained good relations with Zambia President Kenneth Kaunda . Tanzania provided a refuge for many Nyerereho liberation groups, among others, South African ANC and the PAC mozambickému FRELIMO movement or movement ZANLA Robert Mugabe . Nyerere also supported by politicians who in Tanzania fled Idi Amin in 1979 it was the Tanzanian units Amin expelled from Uganda (see the topic from 1978 to 1979 Ugandan-Tanzanian War , note. buko1). Nyerere was also a coup in 1977 which brought to power in the Seychelles, France Albert Rene. In the 80 years include Tanzania, Zambia, together with the so-called Front Line States, which supported government projects black majority in South Africa.

Nyerere himself has remained active in politics as the Chama Cha Mapinduzi přededa until 1990. After the position assumed Mwinyi, Nyerere became a vocal critic of corruption rampant in all layers of administration. He was also the enforcement of Benjamin Mkapa at the position at the expense of presidential candidate Jakaya Kikwete, who called it too young to lead the state.

After his retirement from the structures of the CCM Nyerere began to travel the world as a "poor country lawyer." His international reputation, he opened the door to discussions of international organizations and the states that traveled more in retirement than as president. One of his last actions in high politics has been brokering talks between znevářenými parties to the conflict in Burundi since 1996.

When he was diagnosed with leukemia, he went to Nyerere treated in Great Britain, where in a hospital in London, died October 14, 1999.

Nyerere was the holder of honorary doctorates at the following universities:
University of Edinburgh (UK)
University of Duquesne (USA)
University of Cairo (Egypt)
University of Nigeria (Nigeria)
University of Ibadan (Nigeria)
University of Liberia (Liberia)
University of Toronto (Canada)
Howard University (USA)
Jawaharlal Nehru University (India)
University of Havana (Cuba)
University of Lesotho
University of the Philippines
University of Fort Hare (South Africa)
Sokoine University of Agriculture (Tanzania)

Nyerere was awarded in 1976, Nehru award for international understanding, in the 1982 Third World Prize, in 1983 Nansen Award for assistance to refugees and in 1987 Lenin Peace Prize.

But Nyerere was not involved in politics, only translated Shakespeare's Julius Caesar and The Merchant of Venice into Swahili, and in the years 1963-1970 was rector at the University of East Africa, between 1970 and 1985 the rector of the University of Dar-es-Salaam, and from 1984 to 1985 Rector of the Sokoine University of Agriculture.

(1) means the Mwalimu Swahili teacher, is a nickname that eventually Nyerere used routinely as part of its name.

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